You've got to roll
with it. Hemp is more eco_friendly
than concrete and
one housebuilder thinks it's the future,
finds COLIN COYLE
The green,
green grass of home has just become a whole lot greener. Ireland's first house
made of hemp is not only perfectly legal, but it could also provide a model for
future house_building.
Set
amid the rolling drumlins of rural Co Monaghan, the 450_sq_ft home is more
environmentally friendly than conventional cement types, according to its
owner. Marcus McCabe says cannabis's cousin should become a staple building
material.
"We
live in a straw_bale house with a grass sod roof that we built in 1997. We decided
to build a house from hemp but ran into difficulties. You can't grow hemp here
without a processor's licence _even varieties with a negligible narcotic value
_so we had to import enough for the house. It's better than we could have
imagined," he says.
McCabe,
who runs a business designing reed_bed water treatment systems and who was a
Green party candidate in Cavan_Monaghan for the last general election, has been
the butt of plenty of quips about his hemp house, but is adamant that the only
dopes are those who insist on using fossil fuels to build.
"It
takes a huge amount of energy to create a cement house. You have to start by
quarrying rock out of the ground. These houses then produce lots of carbon
dioxide. In contrast, only natural building materials are used in a hemp house
and by using hemp, timber and lime, no carbon dioxide is produced. Instead, it
actually reduces the amount of CO2 in the air," he says.
McCabe,
the son of the playwright Eugene McCabe, is planning to use his new hemp
building as an office for Ecoflo Reedbeds, his sewage treatment business which
he runs from the family farm in Burdautien, close to the border.
His
hemp house has a plaster finish _what's most remarkable, McCabe says, is that
it is so unremarkable. Compared to the straw_bale house next door that McCabe
calls home, it really is nondescript. "Hemp is such a versatile building
material that you can build just about any house_type with it. Like concrete,
it can be turned into bricks and blocks or can just be poured. It doesn't take
as long to dry and, when it does, it's solid yet permeable, soaking up excess
moisture. We're planning to use the hemp house as an office but it will also
double as accommodation during the summer when we run courses in organic
gardening and sustainability," he says. So, why aren't we already using
it? In 1997, the Department of Justice gave Teagasc's crops research centre in
Carlow a licence to grow hemp.
The
agricultural development body concluded that hemp could indeed be cultivated
successfully. They pointed to its widespread use in the early 1900s, when it
was used for making everything from twine, rope and clothes to rigging, nets
and sails for ships. And that was that. Since then, no processing licences have
been granted.
In
contrast, research is well underway in Northern Ireland where the crop unit of
the Department of Agriculture and a company called Hemp Ireland, are carrying
out a pilot study in Co Down.
In
the republic, hemp advocates _an eclectic band of environmentalists, farmers,
scientists and, well, hippies _have been kicking their Birkenstocks against a
brick wall ever since.
But
McCabe, for one, is determined that the cultivation of hemp isn't just a pipe
dream. The environmentalist, who leads a largely self_sufficient lifestyle with
his wife, Kate, and three children, is so taken with his new building that he
now plans to become a hemp dealer himself.
"New
technologies are emerging that mean that decortication, or the process of
separating hemp fibre from waste material, is much easier and quicker, so now
is the time to move. The licensing situation has to be freed up. We've applied
to begin production in 2005 and the Department of Agriculture have been very
encouraging so far.
"At
the moment, it's not a viable alternative to concrete because it has to be
imported. Concrete costs about E100 per cubic metre, while hemp costs about
twice as much. But if we were growing 15 tons of dried hemp per hectare, we
could charge competitive prices. In the space of a few months, building a house
from hemp could be as cheap as building from concrete," he says.
To
hemp's proponents, it's something of a wonder shrub. It requires no herbicides
or pesticides and can grow faster than almost any other plant. In Irish
conditions, it would take about four months to grow the one hectare of the
plant needed for one house.
Unlike
many crops, it enriches rather than damages soil. It is as robust as cotton, as
warm as linen and more durable than either. As a building material, it is
stronger than wood or concrete. It is also rot_proof, fire_resistant,
lightweight and unpalatable to vermin.
So,
why the reluctance to experiment with this potentially revolutionary plant? It
seems that there's more than a hint of reefer madness about the authorities'
attitude to hemp.
Made
from cannabis sativa, hemp is a close relation of marijuana, the illegal drug.
The difference is that commercially grown hemp contains almost none of the
psycho_active property, THC, which creates a "high" when smoked. Studies
show that marijuana typically has a THC concentration of between 2% and 5% with
stronger strains measuring as high as 22%. In contrast, industrial hemp
contains only about 0.3%.
"The
hemp we used on the house has almost no narcotic value. You probably wouldn't
get a buzz if you smoked the whole building. It's like the difference between
drinking a shandy and a bottle of whiskey," McCabe says.
Henry
Thompson, the builder that completed McCabe's house, believes that it's only a
matter of time before the plant becomes an accepted building material.
"The only drawback is obviously the expense but that problem can be
solved. It was used in Ireland for hundreds of years before the industrial
revolution and our climate and conditions are perfect for large_scale hemp
production," he says.
So,
what is hemp like to build with? "It was a dream, very user_friendly and
adaptable," according to Thompson, who runs the Old Builders Company in Co
Offaly. "I started working with hemp two years ago. We specialise in conservation
work and found that hemp mixed with water and hydraulic lime was ideal for
insulating and damp proofing old stone buildings. It's an extremely breathable
material, so any house built from hemp is guaranteed to be healthy," he
says.
Still
barely legal in Ireland, the international community has mixed views of the
plant. In America, you have to apply to the US Drug Enforcement Agency for a
licence to cultivate commercial hemp. Many people have tried but not one
application has yet been approved. In 2001, the agency banned all food products
containing even traces of hemp.
In
contrast, hemp was reintroduced to the UK in 1993, to Germany in 1996 and to
Australia and Canada in 1998. In Europe, France is the biggest producer, and it
is commonly used as a building material in the countryside. The hemp used on
McCabe's house originated in France.
In
Britain, the residents of two hemp houses built in the Suffolk town of
Haverhill by social housing provider Suffolk Housing Society are delighted with
their new homes, if a little bored by all the wisecracks. "It's warm and
dry and comfortable, and it has a lovely rustic feel to it, even though it's a
new house," resident Jessee Mulcock says. She was also surprised to find
that her house had better acoustics and sound_proofing than anywhere else she
had lived before.
Thompson
says: "In the scheme in Suffolk, two identical houses were built
side_by_side _one from hemp and one from cement. A thermal picture was taken of
both houses at night and the difference was staggering.
"The
conventional houses were glowing because they were losing so much heat. The
study found that the hemp house was on average two degrees warmer throughout
the year. That translates into heat savings of between 10% and 20%.
" Following the success of its first project, the
company has started a second hemp house in Co Wicklow. "The first one
proved that it was viable, so we're expecting much more interest now,"
says Thompson. www.ecoflow.ie, 047 52049; www.oldbuilders.com, 0509 21133 Fergal
Phillips
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